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AldoMet
Scientific Name: S-adenosyl methionine (SAM-e)
Other Names: Ademetionine, S-adenosyl-L-methionine, SAM, Sammy

References

Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality. U.S. Department of Health and Human Services. S-Adenosyl-L-Methionine for Treatment of Depression, Osteoarthritis, and Liver Disease. Evidence Report/Technology Assessment No. 64. (AHRQ 02-E034) October 2002.

Almasio P, Bortolini M, Pagliaro L, Coltorti M. Role of S-adenosyl-L-methionine in the treatment of intrahepatic cholestasis. Drugs. 1990;40(Suppl 3):111-123.

Alpert JE, Papakostas G, Mischoulon D, et al. S-adenosyl-L-methionine (SAMe) as an adjunct for resistant major depressive disorder: an open trial following partial or nonresponse to selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors or venlafaxine. Journal of Clinical Psychopharmacology. 2004;24(6):661-664.

Anon: SAME. In: DerMarderosian A, Beutler JA, eds. Facts and Comparisons: The Review of Natural Products. St. Louis, MO. Facts and Comparisons. October 1999.

Arnold O, Saletu B, Anderer P, et al. Double-blind, placebo-controlled pharmacodynamic studies with a nutraceutical and a pharmaceutical dose of ademetionine (SAMe) in elderly subjects, utilizing EEG mapping and psychometry. European Neuropsychopharmacology. 2005;15(5):533-543.

Avila MA, Garcia-Trevijano ER, Martinez-Chantar ML, et al. S-Adenosylmethionine revisited: its essential role in the regulation of liver function. Alcohol. 2002;27(3):163-167.

Bailey SM, Robinson G, Pinner A, et al. S-adenosylmethionine prevents chronic alcohol-induced mitochondrial dysfunction in the rat liver. American Journal of Physiology and Gastrointestinal Liver Physiology. 2006;291(5):G857-G867.

Baldessarini RJ. Neuropharmacology of S-adenosyl-L-methionine. American Journal of Medicine. 1987;83(5A):95-103.

Bell KM, Plon L, Bunney WE Jr, Potkin SG. S-adenosylmethionine treatment of depression: a controlled clinical trial. American Journal of Psychiatry. 1988;145(9):1110-1114.

Bell KM, Potkin SG, Carreon D, Plon L. S-adenosylmethionine blood levels in major depression: changes with drug treatment. Acta Neurologica Scandinavia Supplement. 1994;154:15-18.

Berlanga C, Ortega-Soto HA, Ontiveros M, Senties H. Efficacy of S-adenosyl-L-methionine in speeding the onset of action of imipramine. Psychiatry Research. 1992;44(3):257-262.

Binder T, Salaj P, Zima T, Vitek L. Randomized prospective comparative study of ursodeoxycholic acid and S-adenosyl-L-methionine in the treatment of intrahepatic cholestasis of pregnancy. Journal of Perinatal Medicine. 2006;34(5):383-391.

Bottiglieri T. S-Adenosyl-L-methionine (SAMe): from the bench to the bedside--molecular basis of a pleiotrophic molecule. American Journal of Clinical Nutrition. 2002;76(5):1151S-1157S.

Bottiglieri T, Hyland K, Reynolds EH. The clinical potential of ademetionine (S-adenosylmethionine) in neurological disorders. Drugs. 1994;48(2):137-152.

Bradley JD, Flusser D, Katz BP, et al. A randomized, double blind, placebo controlled trial of intravenous loading with S-adenosylmethionine (SAM) followed by oral SAM therapy in patients with knee osteoarthritis. Journal of Rheumatology. 1994;21(5):905-911.

Bressa GM. S-adenosyl-l-methionine (SAMe) as antidepressant: meta-analysis of clinical studies. Acta Neurologica Scandinavia Supplement. 1994;154:7-14.

Brosnan JT, da Silva R, Brosnan ME. Amino acids and the regulation of methyl balance in humans. Current Opinion on Clinical Nutrition and Metabolic Care. 2007;10(1):52-57.

Burrin DG, Stoll B. Emerging aspects of gut sulfur amino acid metabolism. Current Opinion on Clinical Nutrition and Metabolic Care. 2007;10(1):63-68.

Cavallaro RA, Fuso A, D'Anselmi F, Seminara L, Scarpa S. The effect of S-adenosylmethionine on CNS gene expression studied by cDNA microarray analysis. Journal of Alzheimers Disease. 2006;9(4):415-419.

Castagna A, Le Grazie C, Accordini A, et al. Cerebrospinal fluid S-adenosylmethionine (SAMe) and glutathione concentrations in HIV infection: effect of parenteral treatment with SAMe. Neurology. 1995;45(9):1678-1683.

Charlton CG. Depletion of nigrostriatal and forebrain tyrosine hydroxylase by S-adenosylmethionine: a model that may explain the occurrence of depression in Parkinson's disease. Life Sciences. 1997;61(5):495-502.

Charlton CG, Crowell B Jr. Parkinson's disease-like effects of S-adenosyl-L-methionine: effects of L-dopa. Pharmacology, Biochemistry and Behavior. 1992 Oct;43(2):423-431.

Chawla RK, Bonkovsky HL, Galambos JT. Biochemistry and pharmacology of S-adenosyl-L-methionine and rationale for its use in liver disease. Drugs. 1990;40(Suppl 3):98-110.

Cohen BM, Satlin A, Zubenko GS. S-adenosyl-L-methionine in the treatment of Alzheimer's disease. Journal of Clinical Psychopharmacology. 1988;8(1):43-47.

Crowell BG Jr, Benson R, Shockley D, Charlton CG. S-adenosyl-L-methionine decreases motor activity in the rat: similarity to Parkinson's disease-like symptoms. Behavioral and Neural Biology. 1993;59(3):186-193.

Delle Chiaie R, Pancheri P, Scapicchio P. Efficacy and tolerability of oral and intramuscular S-adenosyl-Lmethionine 1,4-butanedisulfonate (SAMe) in the treatment of major depression: comparison with imipramine in multicenter studies. American Journal of Clinical Nutrition. 2002;76(5):1172S-1176S.

Del Pilar Cabrales-Romero M, Marquez-Rosado L, Fattel-Fazenda S, et al. S-adenosyl-methionine decreases ethanol-induced apoptosis in primary hepatocyte cultures by a c-Jun N-terminal kinase activity-independent mechanism. World Journal of Gastroenterology. 2006;12(12):1895-1904.

Fava M, Giannelli A, Rapisarda V, Patralia A, Guaraldi GP. Rapidity of onset of the antidepressant effect of parenteral S-adenosyl-L-methionine. Psychiatry Research. 1995;56(3):295-297.

Fernandez-Checa J, Colell A, Garcia-Ruiz C. S-Adenosyl-L-methionine and mitochondrial reduced glutathione depletion in alcoholic liver disease. Alcohol 2002;27(3):179-183.

Fetrow CW, Avila JR. Efficacy of the dietary supplement S-adenosyl-L-methionine. Annals of Pharmacotherapy. 2001;35(11):1414-1425.

Frezza M, Centini G, Cammareri G, Le Grazie C, Di Padova C. S-adenosylmethionine for the treatment of intrahepatic cholestasis of pregnancy. Results of a controlled clinical trial. Hepatogastroenterology. 1990;37(Suppl 2):122-125.

Frezza M, Surrenti C, Manzillo G, Fiaccadori F, Bortolini M, Di Padova C. Oral S-adenosylmethionine in the symptomatic treatment of intrahepatic cholestasis. A double-blind, placebo-controlled study. Gastroenterology. 1990;99(1):211-215.

Friedel HA, Goa KL, Benfield P. S-adenosyl-L-methionine. A review of its pharmacological properties and therapeutic potential in liver dysfunction and affective disorders in relation to its physiological role in cell metabolism. Drugs. 1989;38(3):389-416.

Glick N. Dramatic reduction in self-injury in Lesch-Nyhan disease following S-adenosylmethionine administration. Journal of Inherited Metabolic Diseases. 2006;29(5):687.

Glorioso S, Todesco S, Mazzi A, et al. Double-blind, multicentre [sic] study of the activity of S-adenosylmethionine in hip and knee osteoarthritis. International Journal of Clinical Pharmacology Research 1985;5(1):39-49.

Goren JL, Stoll AL, Damico KE, Sarmiento IA, Cohen BM. Bioavailability and lack of toxicity of S-adenosyl-L-methionine (SAMe) in humans. Pharmacotherapy. 2004;24(11):1501-1507.

Gruenwald J, Brendler T, Jaenicke C, eds. PDR for Herbal Medicines, 2nd edition. Montvale, NJ: Medical Economics Company, Inc; 2000.

Guidotti A, Ruzicka W, Grayson DR, et al. S-adenosyl methionine and DNA methyltransferase-1 mRNA overexpression in psychosis. Neuroreport. 2007;18(1):57-60.

HealthNotes, Inc. Methionine. 2002. Available at: http://www.mycustompak.com/healthNotes/Supp/Methionine.htm Accessed October 27, 2003.

Innis SM, Davidson AG, Melynk S, James SJ. Choline-related supplements improve abnormal plasma methionine-homocysteine metabolites and glutathione status in children with cystic fibrosis. American Journal of Clinical Nutrition. 2007;85(3):702-708.

Jacobsen S, Danneskiold-Samsoe B, Andersen RB. Oral S-adenosylmethionine in primary fibromyalgia. Double-blind clinical evaluation. Scandinavian Journal of Rheumatology. 1991;20(4):294-302.

Jellin JM, Gregory P, Batz F, Hitchens K, et al, eds. Pharmacist's Letter/Prescriber's Letter. Natural Medicines Comprehensive Database, 3rd Edition. Stockton CA: Therapeutic Research Facility, 2000.

Jin CJ, Park HK, Cho YM, et al. S-adenosyl-L-methionine increases skeletal muscle mitochondrial DNA density and whole body insulin sensitivity in OLETF rats. Journal of Nutrition. 2007;137(2):339-344.

Jorm AF, Allen NB, O'Donnell CP, Parslow RA, Purcell R, Morgan AJ. Effectiveness of complementary and self-help treatments for depression in children and adolescents. Medical Journal of Australia. 2006;185(7):368-372.

Kagan BL, Sultzer DL, Rosenlicht N, Gerner RH. Oral S-adenosylmethionine in depression: a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial. American Journal of Psychiatry. 1990;147(5):591-595.

Lieber CS. S-Adenosyl-L-methionine: its role in the treatment of liver disorders. American Journal of Clinical Nutrition. 2002;76(5):1183S-1187S.

Lieber CS, Packer L. S-Adenosylmethionine: molecular, biological, and clinical aspects-an introduction. American Journal of Clinical Nutrition. 2002;76(5):1148S-1150S.

Lipinski JF, Cohen BM, Frankenburg F, et al. Open trial of S-adenosylmethionine for treatment of depression. American Journal of Psychiatry. 1984;141(3):448-450.

Loehrer FM, Angst CP, Haefeli WE, Jordan PP, Ritz R, Fowler B. Low whole-blood S-adenosylmethionine and correlation between 5-methyltetrahydrofolate and homocysteine in coronary artery disease. Arteriosclerosis, Thrombosis, and Vascular Biology. 1996;16(6):727-733.

Loehrer FM, Schwab R, Angst CP, Haefeli WE, Fowler B. Influence of oral S-adenosylmethionine on plasma 5-methyltetrahydrofolate, S-adenosylhomocysteine, homocysteine and methionine in healthy humans. Journal of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics. 1997;22(2):845-850.

Lu SC, Martinez-Chantar ML, Mato JM. Methionine adenosyltransferase and S-adenosylmethionine in alcoholic liver disease. Journal of Gastroenterology and Hepatology. 2006;21(Suppl 3):S61-S64.

Maccagno A, Di Giorgio EE, Caston OL, Sagasta CL. Double-blind controlled clinical trial of oral S-adenosylmethionine versus piroxicam in knee osteoarthritis. American Journal of Medicine. 1987;83(5A):72-77.

Martinez-Chantar ML, Garcia-Trevijano ER, Latasa MU, et al. Importance of a deficiency in S-adenosyl-L-methionine synthesis in the pathogenesis of liver injury. American Journal of Clinical Nutrition. 2002;76:1177S-1182S.

Martinez-Chantar ML, Vazquez-Chantada M, Garnacho M, et al. S-adenosylmethionine regulates cytoplasmic HuR via AMP-activated kinase. Gastroenterology. 2006;131(1):223-232.

Mato JM, Camara J, Fernandez de Paz J, et al. S-adenosylmethionine in alcoholic liver cirrhosis: a randomized, placebo-controlled, double-blind, multicenter clinical trial. Journal of Hepatology. 1999;30(6):1081-1089.

Mato JM, Corrales FJ, Lu SC, Avila MA. S-Adenosylmethionine: a control switch that regulates liver function. FASEB J. 2002;16(1):15-26.

Matsui H, Kawada N. Effect of S-adenosyl-L-methionine on the activation, proliferation and contraction of hepatic stellate cells. European Journal of Pharmacology. 2005;509(1):31-36.

McClain CJ, Hill DB, Song Z, et al. S-Adenosylmethionine, cytokines, and alcoholic liver disease. Alcohol. 2002 Jul;27(3):185-92.

McHughes M, Lipman AG. Managing osteoarthritis pain when your patient fails simple analgesics and NSAIDs and is not a candidate for surgery. Current Rheumatology Reports. 2006;8(1):22-29.

McKillop IH, Schrum LW. Alcohol and liver cancer. Alcohol. 2005;35(3):195-203.

McMillan JM, Walle UK, Walle T. S-adenosyl-L-methionine: transcellular transport and uptake by Caco-2 cells and hepatocytes. Journal of Pharmacy and Pharmacology. 2005;57(5):599-605.

Mischoulon D. Update and critique of natural remedies as antidepressant treatments. Psychiatric Clinics of North America. 2007;30(1):51-68.

Mischoulon D, Fava M. Role of S-adenosyl-L-methionine in the treatment of depression: a review of the evidence. American Journal of Clinical Nutrition. 2002;76:1158S-1161S.

Muller-Fassbender H. Double-blind clinical trial of S-adenosylmethionine versus ibuprofen in the treatment of osteoarthritis. American Journal of Medicine. 1987;83(5A):81-83.

Najm WI, Reinsch S, Hoehler F, Tobis JS, Harvey PW. S-adenosyl methionine (SAMe) versus celecoxib for the treatment of osteoarthritis symptoms: a double-blind cross-over trial. [ISRCTN36233495]. BMC Musculoskelet Disord. 2004 Feb 26;5:6.

Natural Medicines Comprehensive Database, Online Edition. Pharmacist's Letter/Prescriber's Letter. Stockton CA: Therapeutic Research Facility, 2006. Available at: http://www.pharmacistsletter.com/(S(ulqz3s45omt3ag55um4kj345))/home.aspx?li=1&st=1&cs=&s=ND.

Nguyen M, Gregan A. S-adenosylmethionine and depression. Australian Family Physician. 2002;31(4):339-343.

Pharmavite LLC. SAM-e. No date given. Available at: http://www.sam-e.com. Accessed October 27, 2003.

Purohit V, Russo D. Role of S-adenosyl-L-methionine in the treatment of alcoholic liver disease. introduction and summary of the symposium. Alcohol. 2002; 27(3):151-154.

Rambaldi A, Gluud C. S-adenosyl-L-methionine for alcoholic liver diseases. Cochrane Database Systematic Review. 2006 Apr 19;(2):CD002235.

Rambaldi A. Gluud C. S-adenosyl-L-methionine for alcoholic liver disease. Cochrane Database System Review. 2001;(4):CD002235.

Reichard JF, Schnekenburger M, Puga A. Long term low-dose arsenic exposure induces loss of DNA methylation. Biochemistry and Biophysics Research Communications. 2007;352(1):188-192.

Rosenbaum JF, Fava M, Falk WE, Pollack MH, Cohen LS, Cohen BM, Zubenko GS. The antidepressant potential of oral S-adenosyl-l-methionine. Acta Psychiatrica Scandinavia. 1990;81(5):432-436.

Salmaggi P, Bressa GM, Nicchia G, Coniglio M, La Greca P, Le Grazie C. Double-blind, placebo-controlled study of S-adenosyl-L-methionine in depressed postmenopausal women. Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics. 1993;59(1):34-40.

Scarpa S, Cavallaro RA, D'Anselmi F, Fuso A. Gene silencing through methylation: an epigenetic intervention on Alzheimer disease. Journal of Alzheimers Disease. 2006;9(4):407-414.

Shekim WO, Antun F, Hanna GL, McCracken JT, Hess EB. S-adenosyl-L-methionine (SAM) in adults with ADHD, RS: preliminary results from an open trial. Psychopharmacology Bulletin. 1990;26(2):249-253.

Shippy RA, Mendez D, Jones K, Cergnul I, Karpiak SE. S-adenosylmethionine (SAM-e) for the treatment of depression in people living with HIV/AIDS. BMC Psychiatry. 2004;4:38.

Silveri MM, Parow AM, Villafuerte RA, et al. S-adenosyl-L-methionine: effects on brain bioenergetic status and transverse relaxation time in healthy subjects. Biology and Psychiatry. 2003;54(8):833-839.

Soeken KL, Lee WL, Bausell RB, Agelli M, Berman BM.. Safety and efficacy of S-adenosylmethionine (SAMe) for osteoarthritis. Journal of Family Practice. 2002;51(5):425-430.

Stramentinoli G, Gualano M, Galli-Kienle M. Intestinal absorption of S-adenosyl-L-methionine. Journal of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics. 1979;209(3):323-326.

Strauss KA, Morton DH, Puffenberger EG, et al. Prevention of brain disease from severe 5,10-methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase deficiency. Molecular and Genetic Metabolism. Epublished ahead of print. April 3, 2007.

Tan SV, Guiloff RJ. Hypothesis on the pathogenesis of vacuolar myelopathy, dementia, and peripheral neuropathy in AIDS. Journal of Neurology, Neurosurgery and Psychiatry. 1998;65(1):23-28.

Tavoni A, Vitali C, Bombardieri S, Pasero G. Evaluation of S-adenosylmethionine in primary fibromyalgia. A double-blind crossover study. American Journal of Medicine. 1987;83(5A):107-110.

Terneus MV, Kiningham KK, Carpenter AB, Sullivan SB, Valentovic MA. Comparison of S-Adenosyl-L-methionine and N-acetylcysteine protective effects on acetaminophen hepatic toxicity. Journal of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics. 2007;320(1):99-107.

Vahora SA, Malek-Ahmasi P. S-adenosylmethionine in the treatment of depression. Neuroscience and Biobehavior Review. 1988;12(2):139-141.

Vendemiale G, Altomare E, Trizio T, et al. Effects of oral S-adenosyl-L-methionine on hepatic glutathione in patients with liver disease. Scandinavian Journal of Gastroenterology. 1989;24(4):407-415.

Vetter G. Double-blind comparative clinical trial with S-adenosylmethionine and indomethacin in the treatment of osteoarthritis. American Journal of Medicine. 1987; 83(5A):78-80.

Volkmann H, Norregaard J, Jacobsen S, Danneskiold-Samsoe B, Knoke G, Nehrdich D. Double-blind, placebo-controlled cross-over study of intravenous S-adenosyl-L-methionine in patients with fibromyalgia. Scandinavian Journal of Rheumatology. 1997;26(3):206-211.

Wang X, Cederbaum AI. S-adenosyl-l-methionine attenuates hepatotoxicity induced by agonistic Jo2 Fas antibody following CYP2E1 induction in mice. Journal of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics. 2006;317(1):44-52.

Werneke U, Turner T, Priebe S. Complementary medicines in psychiatry: review of effectiveness and safety. British Journal of Psychiatry. 2006;188:109-121.

Williams KT, Schalinske KL. New insights into the regulation of methyl group and homocysteine metabolism. Journal of Nutrition. 2007;137(2):311-314.

Wu D, Cederbaum AI. Opposite action of S-adenosyl methionine and its metabolites on CYP2E1-mediated toxicity in pyrazole-induced rat hepatocytes and HepG2 E47 cells. American Journal of Physiology -- Gastrointestinal and Liver Physiology. 2006;290(4):G674-G684.

Last Revised May 25, 2007

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Note: The above information is not intended to replace the advice of your physician, pharmacist, or other healthcare professional. It is not meant to indicate that the use of the product is safe, appropriate, or effective for you.

In general, herbal products are not subject to review or approval by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA). They are not required to be standardized, meaning that the amounts of active ingredients or contaminants they contain may vary between brands or between different batches of the same brand. Not all of the risks, side effects, or interactions associated with the use of herbal products are known because few reliable studies of their use in humans have been done.

This information is provided for your education only. Please share this information with your healthcare provider and be sure that you talk to your doctor and pharmacist about all the prescription and non-prescription medicines you take before you begin to use any herbal product.

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